Biology 03050, Invertebrate Zoology
Handout for Laboratory 4: PROTISTS II: CILIATES AND SPOROZOANS; SPONGES
Lab manual: Hickman et al., 9th ed., Exercise 7, pp. 109-116; Exercise 8
name:________________________________________________________________________
WORD BANK (terms that you are responsible for):
- amebocyte (ameboid cell)
|
choanocyte (collar cell) |
cilia |
contractile vacuole |
excurrent canal |
flagellated chamber |
food vacuole |
gemmule |
incurrent canal |
macronucleus |
mesohyl |
micronucleus |
oral groove |
osculum |
ostium, -ia (pore) |
Paramecium, ciliate |
Pellicle |
plasma membrane |
pinacocyte (covering cell) |
Plasmodium (trophozoite or feeding stage), sporozoan |
radial canal |
spicule |
sponge |
spongin |
spongocoel |
stalk |
Stentor, ciliate |
trichocyst |
Vorticella, ciliate
|
Using your lab manual for guidance, perform those parts of Exercise 7 and 8 listed below:
- Exercise 7C
: Plasmodium: your instructor will set up a demonstration slide of the signet-ring trophozoite (feeding) stage, as they are hard to find in the blood smears. Be aware of the malaria parasite life cycle--what are the infectious and disease-causing stages?
- Exercise 7D
: examine live Parameciums with Protoslo and follow up with a stained, prepared slide for additional structural details. Please also examine live and stained slides of Stentor and Vorticella. How are these ciliates similar? How are they different?
- Exercise 8A
: read the introduction to the sponges. Examine a whole specimen of Sycon (Scypha, Grantia). Use prepared slides to study the canal system of such a sponge. Look at slides of spicules. Contrast a primitive sponge with the skeleton of a bath sponge (available to hold and manipulate). Look at a slide of the spongin protein that makes a bath sponge so flexible. Examine a slide of the wall of a commercial sponge--how do the chambers compare to those of Sycon? What is the advantage of this extra complexity? Find a commercial sponge and a bath sponge of approximately equal weights. Which one tends to hold water better than the other, and why--does this help to answer the previous question? Finally, examine a slide of a gemmule--what does it represent?
Thought exercise: last week, you looked at amoeboid organisms (Amoeba), amoeboid organisms that could secrete hard shells (foraminiferan), flagellated organisms (Euglena), and colonial flagellated organisms (Volvox). How might a combination of such protist cell types have been involved in the evolution of sponges?
Your instructor may base homework and/or quizzes on questions posed in this handout or in the assigned reading.
ADDITONAL NOTES AND DRAWINGS:
|main page| |background| |03028: Physiology| |03048: Anatomy|
|03050: Invertebrate Zoology| |03051: Vertebrate Zoology| |03074: Economic Botany|
Please send comments and questions to: cronewil@hvcc.edu
HVCC home page
Copyright 1999 by Wilson Crone
External and unofficial links are not endorsed by Hudson Valley Community College
This page updated October 8, 1999