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Handout for Laboratory 4, Vertebrate Zoology 03051

Class Chondrichthyes: shark, ratfish (chimera), ray

Lab manual (Hickman et al., 9th ed.), Exercise 19B, pp. 284-290

WORD BANK: terms/structures that you may be expected to find and know from this lab:

  1. afferent branchial artery
  • ampullary organs of Lorenzini (pp. 589-590 text)
  • anterior orientation
  • aorta, dorsal
  • aorta, ventral
  • atrium
  • bone
  • cartilage
  • celiac artery
  • clasper
  • cloaca
  • conus arteriosus
  • dorsal fin
  • dorsal mesentery
  • dorsal orientation
  • duodenum (first part of intestine, seen in shark)
  • embryo
  • esophagus
  • eye
  • gall bladder
  • gill arch
  • gill filament
  • gill slit
  • gill raker
  • heart
  • hepatic portal vein
  • intestine
  • jaw
  • kidney
  • lateral line
  • liver
  • mouth
  • nostril
  • operculum
  • ovary
  • oviduct
  • pancreas
  • pectoral fin
  • pelvic fin
  • pericardial cavity
  • peritoneum, parietal
  • peritoneum, visceral
  • pharynx
  • placoid scale
  • posterior orientation
  • pyloric valve
  • rectal gland
  • rectum
  • rostrum
  • rugae
  • seminal vesicle
  • sinus venosus
  • sperm duct
  • spine (fin spine)
  • spiracle
  • spiral valve
  • spleen
  • stomach
  • tail (caudal) fin
  • teeth
  • testis
  • urogenital papilla
  • uterus
  • ventral orientation
  • ventricle
  • yolk sac
  •  

    External: pp. 284-285

    The shark external features are highlighted in the lab manual.

    The ratfish differs from the shark with: flat crushing teeth, operculum over the gills, tapering tail, and both head and pelvic fin claspers in the male.

    The ray differs from the shark with: dorsoventrally flattened body, enlarged pectoral fins, tapering tail, and ventral location of the gill slits.

    Your instructor may assign and/or ask additional questions from the lab manual on quizzes.

    Your notes and drawings:

    Remember allometric (comparative) measurements from the first week? Let's make some measurements that we will use to contrast to the perch (bony fish) next lab. Make sure to note whether you're measuring a shark or a ratfish and label your units! Your instructor may want to graph class measurements.

    Total length (tip of nose [rostrum] to tip of tail): __________

    Tail length (length of longest caudal fin): __________

    Pectoral fin length (point of attachment to tip): __________

    Pelvic fin length (point of attachment to tip, not including claspers): __________

    Point of attachment of pectoral fin to point of attachment of pelvic fin

    (interfin length): __________

    Ratios:

    Tail length/total length: __________

    Pectoral fin length/pelvic fin length: __________

    Interfin length/total body length: __________

    What is the sex of your shark/ratfish? __________

    Internal: pp. 285-290

    The shark internal features and approach to dissection are highlighted in the lab manual. Emphasis is on those structures listed in the word bank.

    Ratfish internal features vary a bit, with the following major differences: a separate stomach and pyloric valve are not visible. There is little dorsal mesentery and no rectal gland. The spiral valve in the intestine is less prominent than that of the shark.

    We will not do internal dissection of a ray.

    Note: your instructor may assign and/or ask quiz questions taken from the lab manual.

    Your notes and drawings:

     


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    |03050: Invertebrate Zoology| |03051: Vertebrate Zoology| |03074: Economic Botany|


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    This web page last updated on February 15, 2000