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Handout for Laboratory 6, Vertebrate Zoology 03051

Class Amphibia: frog and mudpuppy

Lab manual (Hickman et al., 9th ed.), Exercise 20, pp. 297-320

WORD BANK: terms/structures to find and know from this lab. Abbreviation: m. = muscle

  1. adductor longus m.
  • adrenal gland
    		•
  • alveolus (-i)
    		•
  • ankle
    		•
  • atrium, left
    		•
  • atrium, right
    		•
  • bladder (urinary)
    		•
  • bronchus (-i)
    		•
  • carotid arch
    		•
  • cloacal opening
    		•
  • coelom
    		•
  • esophagus
    		•
  • eustachian tube openings
    		•
  • external nares
    		•
  • external oblique m.
    		•
  • eye
    		•
  • eyelid-upper and lower
    		•
  • fat body
    		•
  • femur
    		•
  • foot
    		•
  • gall bladder
    		•
  • gastrocnemius m.
    		•
  • gill
    		•
  • glottis
    		•
  • gracilis major m.
    		•
  • head
    		•
  • heart
    		•
  • hepatic portal vein
    		•
  • hindlimb
    		•
  • humerus
    		•
  • internal nares
    		•
  • kidney
    		•
  • large intestine
    		•
  • larynx
    		•
  • latissimus dorsi m.
  • left atrium
    		•
  • linea alba
    		•
  • liver
    		•
  • lung
    		•
  • maxillary teeth
    		•
  • mouth
    		•
  • mylohyoid m.
    		•
  • nictitating membrane
    		•
  • ovary
    		•
  • oviduct
    		•
  • pancreas
    		•
  • pectoral girdle
    		•
  • pectoralis major m.
    		•
  • pelvic girdle: ilium, ischium, pubis
    		•
  • pericardial sac
    		•
  • peritoneum
    		•
  • phalanges
    		•
  • pharynx
    		•
  • pulmocutaneous arch
    		•
  • pulmonary artery
    		•
  • pulmonary vein
    		•
  • pyloric valve
    		•
  • radioulna
    		•
  • rectus abdominis m.
    		•
  • right atrium
    		•
  • sacral hump
    		•
  • sacral vertebra
    		•
  • sartorius m.
  • semimembranosus m.
    		•
  • sinus venosus
    		•
  • skin
    		•
  • skull (cranium)
    		•
  • small intestine-duodenum
    		•
  • small intestine-ileum
    		•
  • sternum
    		•
  • stomach
    		•
  • subcutaneous lymph sacs
    		•
  • systemic arch
    		•
  • tail
    		•
  • testis
    		•
  • tibiofibula
    		•
  • tongue
    		•
  • triceps brachii m.
    		•
  • truncus arteriosus
    		•
  • trunk
    		•
  • tympanic membrane
    		•
  • ureter
    		•
  • urinary bladder
    		•
  • urostyle
    		•
  • vena cava, anterior
    		•
  • vena, cava, posterior
    		•
  • ventricle
    		•
  • vertebra
    		•
  • vocal sac
    		•
  • vomerine teeth

    • External: pp. 298-299

    The frog features are highlighted in the lab manual. Concentrating on structures that are listed above, what are features that indicate the mixed land/aquatic lifestyle of the frog? You do not have diagrams of the mudpuppy (Necturus) available in your lab manual, but what are external features that indicate an aquatic lifestyle? Your notes and drawings:

     

     

    Isn't allometry (comparative measurement) fun? Let's check how frogs and mudpuppies proportionately match up to you (and vice-versa). Make the following measurements on yourself, your frog, and your mudpuppy. Your instructor may want to graph class measurements. Keep your units straight in cm and/or mm!

    Dimensions

    You

    Frog

    Mudpuppy

    Body length (tip of mouth to cloacal opening):

    Hind leg length (attachment to longest toe tip):

    Hind foot length (ankle to longest toe tip):

    Ratios:

    Hind leg length/body length:

    Hind foot length/ hind leg length

    What types of comparisons/conclusions can you draw from the above?

     

    Internal: pp. 301-320

    Approaches to dissection are highlighted in the lab manual, especially p. 304 and pp. 310-315. Emphasis is on those structures listed in the word bank. The dissection manual highlights an appropriate order of events:

    Skeleton, Exercise 20B

    Skeletal Muscle, Exercise 20C

    Major Internal Systems, Exercise 20D

    Circulatory System, Exercise 20E

    Nervous System, Exercise 20F--check with your instructor

    Compare the frog to the mudpuppy. What is similar about the mudpuppy? What is different? For example, is it easier to find individual muscles in a frog or a mudpuppy? Why? An overview image of the internal viscera of the mudpuppy is available on the next page.

    Your instructor may ask you questions taken from the lab manual for homework or quizzes. Your notes and drawings:

     

    |main page| |background| |03028: Physiology| |03048: Anatomy|

    |03050: Invertebrate Zoology| |03051: Vertebrate Zoology| |03074: Economic Botany|

    Please send comments and questions to: cronewil@hvcc.edu

     

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    This web page last updated on February 29, 2000