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Handout for Laboratory 9, Vertebrate Zoology 03051

Class Mammalia: Fetal Pig, External Structures and Musculature

Lab manual (Hickman et al., 9th ed.), Exercise 23, pp. 333-334, Exercise 23B, pp. 338-347

WORD BANK: terms/structures to find and know from this lab. Abbreviations: b. = bone, m. = muscle
  1. abdomen
  • abduction (muscle action)
    		•
  • action (of muscle)
    		•
  • adduction (muscle action)
    		•
  • anus
    		•
  • aponeurosis
    		•
  • atlas
    		•
  • axis
    		•
  • biceps brachii m.
    		•
  • biceps femoris m.
    		•
  • canine
    		•
  • costal cartilage
    		•
  • cutaneous m.: note differences between platysma m., cutaneous maximus m.
    		•
  • deltoid m.
    		•
  • digastric m.
  • extension (muscle action)
    		•
  • external oblique m.
    		•
  • eyelid
    		•
  • female
    		•
  • femur
    		•
  • fibula
    		•
  • flexion (muscle action)
    		•
  • foramen magnum
    		•
  • gastrocnemius m.
    		•
  • genital papilla
    		•
  • gluteus medius m.
    		•
  • hipbone
    		•
  • humerus
    		•
  • incisor
    		•
  • insertion (of muscle)
    		•
  • latissimus dorsi m.
    		•
  • linea alba
    		•
  • male
    		•
  • mamma (-ae)
    		•
  • mandible
    		•
  • masseter m.
    		•
  • molar
    		•
  • mouth
  • mylohyoid m.
    		•
  • nictitating membrane
    		•
  • nostrils
    		•
  • orbit
    		•
  • origin (of muscle)
    		•
  • pectoral m. (superficial vs. deep)
    		•
  • penis
    		•
  • periderm
    		•
  • patella
    		•
  • phalanx (-ges)
    		•
  • pinna (-ae)
    		•
  • premolar
    		•
  • radius
    		•
  • rectus abdominis m.
    		•
  • sacral region
    		•
  • scapula
    		•
  • scrotum
    		•
  • skull
    		•
  • snout
    		•
  • sternohyoid m.
    		•
  • sternum
    		•
  • superficial pectoral m.
    		•
  • tendon
    		•
  • tensor fasciae latae m.
    		•
  • thorax
    		•
  • tibia
    		•
  • trapezius m.
    		•
  • triceps brachii m.
    		•
  • ulna
    		•
  • umbilical artery
    		•
  • umbilical cord
    		•
  • umbilical vein
    		•
  • urogenital opening
    		•
  • vertebra, caudal
    		•
  • vertebra, cervical
    		•
  • vertebra, lumbar
    		•
  • vertebra, sacral
    		•
  • vertebra, thoracic
    		•
  • vibrissa (-ae)
    		•
  • zygomatic arch

    • After noting the external features in the word bank above, follow the skinning directions on pp. 339-340 in your lab manual to highlight both the superficial cutaneous muscles, as well as major muscles lying underneath. A fetal pig is not as"exercised" as a frog, and so the muscles may lack some definition. You should be able to find and characterize the actions of the muscles listed above with patience and perseverance, though. In addition, use of the cat (and human) skeletons should allow you to see major bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons. A major feature of mammals are their heterodont teeth--can you see all four types in the available specimens?

    ALLOMETRY (COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS):

    These measurements (in cm) will help you to appreciate possible changes in growth rate among different parts of the fetal pig during development. Your instructor may ask you to chart your results on the board, particularly if there is a wide discrepancy in fetal pig ages used in lab (p. 333 for table). Would the ear and foot ratios be different in human beings than in fetal pigs? (Check it out for yourself!)

    total length: __________

    tail length: __________ tail length/total body length ratio: __________

    ear length (from attachment point to tip): __________ ear/body length ratio: __________

    hind foot length (from heel to longest toe): __________ foot/body length ratio: __________

     

    |main page| |background| |03028: Physiology| |03048: Anatomy|

    |03050: Invertebrate Zoology| |03051: Vertebrate Zoology| |03074: Economic Botany|

    Please send comments and questions to: cronewil@hvcc.edu

     

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    This web page last updated on April 24, 2000